CVE-2023-41991
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A certificate validation issue was addressed
rank 66 = 40 + 14 + 0 + 6 + 6
rank@v1 · this cycle
Someone is already using it
CISA KEV catalog · public proof-of-concept · FIRST EPSS
EPSS 0.04547 · CISA KEV listed · without this subject the record ranks 26
What it costs you if it fires
NVD CVSS base score, then the CNA's own
CVSS 5.5, from NVD · without this subject the record ranks 52
It is getting worse, not staying still
FIRST EPSS series, rescorings and bad loads removed
no persisting rise in 365 days · without this subject the record ranks 66
How much of the world it touches
NVD CPE configurations
5 products in the CPE ranges · without this subject the record ranks 60
Someone else already set the date
CISA KEV remediation due date
CISA remediation date held · without this subject the record ranks 60
$139,000 = $4.99M incident cost x 0.6121449559255632 exposure x 0.04547 likelihood
udv@v1 · unaudited · wrong for you until you say what you run
$4.99M is the cost of a breach that happened, from IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report 2026, global average. It is not the value of any asset of yours. That average already covers breaches of every severity, so scaling it by exposure understates a partial-impact record. That is an assumption, not a measurement. Your own asset value goes in the decision record.
Hindsight · the state
Foresight · where to check next
This record is one instance of CWE-295, improper certificate validation. The index holds 1580 prior instances of this class, 4 KEV-listed. The nearest of its KEV-listed records are drawn beside this. taxonomy@v1
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Harm, if it fires from the vector and the weakness
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CISA KEV & Federal Remediation Deadline from the record and CISA
The fix, and how long it's been waiting.
Exploit Status & Known PoCs a ladder, not a score
Current rung: Exploited in the wild · CISA KEV listed, 2023-09-25.
Affected & Fixed Versions as published
Show all 5 published ranges
A rung lights from a row in the index, never from an assessment. "Held sources" is the true scope of the claim: this index reads the CVE record, NVD, CISA KEV, FIRST's EPSS and public proof-of-concept repositories, and it does not observe attacks.
What it is stated by the CNA
A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7. receipt
NVD's analysis a second authority
- severity
- 5.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
- weakness
- CWE-295
- affected versions
- apple ipados < 16.7; apple ipados 17.0; apple iphone os < 16.7; and 2 more, listed in full below
- also scored by
- 5.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
check it yourself support.apple.com support.apple.com receipt
Dated events
Movement the material steps
This score more than doubled inside 72 hours. Both observations are in the full history below.
Show all 55 observations
55 observations held. A highlighted step crossed a promotion threshold. A step marked with a scoring model moved because the instrument was replaced, not because the vulnerability changed. receipt
The full biography
Listed by CISA 4 days after it published, exploit probability more than doubled between 2023-09-26 and 2023-09-27 (0.00447 → 0.02286) and the record had been public for 2 years, 11 months when this index was last written.
No material movement in 81 days as of the last ingest this index recorded.
The pattern, elsewhere
This record is one instance of CWE-295, improper certificate validation. The index holds 1580 prior instances of this class, 4 KEV-listed. The nearest of its KEV-listed records are drawn beside this. [email protected]
"Matches n of m" counts the attributes the two records can both be compared on: the CVSS metrics they share a version of, any weakness class beyond this one, and the vendor. fit-rules@v1
1580 records in this class held. The six above are drawn from the ones CISA has listed as exploited, ranked by how much of the record matches this one. That is why every one of them is KEV-listed: the pool is, so the colour on those spokes says nothing the pool has not already said.
No curated product neighbourhood is held for this product, so the records above are the nearest this index can name. The neighbourhood table covers a small set of products and is extended by hand.
Siblings and hubs
Records related to this one
No record cites this identifier and it carries no alias. Its defect family is below.
Its defect family
apple ios
Of the 4 records in this family, this is the only one holding a stated fix version: 16.7; 13.6.
Grouped by shared product and weakness, not by shared vulnerability. Each record's own state is on its own page.
Family membership: computed, pro@dim2000
This record is one of a group, and the group's page describes all of them. This page is kept and dated, and the defect family's own page is the one we offer for indexing: the whole group.
Browse the index from here
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What usually comes next
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