CVE-2023-28219
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Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
rank 33 = 4 + 20 + 1 + 8 + 0
rank@v1 · scheduled
Someone is already using it
CISA KEV catalog · public proof-of-concept · FIRST EPSS
EPSS 0.14979 · without this subject the record ranks 29
What it costs you if it fires
NVD CVSS base score, then the CNA's own
CVSS 8.1, from the CNA · without this subject the record ranks 13
It is getting worse, not staying still
FIRST EPSS series, rescorings and bad loads removed
rose on 2025-11-21 · without this subject the record ranks 32
How much of the world it touches
NVD CPE configurations
10 products in the CPE ranges · without this subject the record ranks 25
Someone else already set the date
CISA KEV remediation due date
no CISA due date · without this subject the record ranks 33
$747,000 = $4.99M incident cost x 1 exposure x 0.14979 likelihood
udv@v1 · unaudited · wrong for you until you say what you run
$4.99M is the cost of a breach that happened, from IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report 2026, global average. It is not the value of any asset of yours. That average already covers breaches of every severity, so scaling it by exposure understates a partial-impact record. That is an assumption, not a measurement. Your own asset value goes in the decision record.
Hindsight · the state
Foresight · where to check next
This record is one instance of CWE-591, sensitive data storage in improperly locked memory. The index holds 77 prior instances of this class, 2 KEV-listed. taxonomy@v1
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Harm, if it fires from the vector and the weakness
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CISA KEV & Federal Remediation Deadline from the record and CISA
The fix, and how long it's been waiting.
Exploit Status & Known PoCs a ladder, not a score
Current rung: Nothing observed in held sources.
- RUNG 1Nothing observed in held sources
- RUNG 2Proof-of-concept published
- RUNG 3Exploited in the wild · CISA KEV listed
- RUNG 4Ransomware campaign use known
Affected & Fixed Versions as published
Show all 10 published ranges
A rung lights from a row in the index, never from an assessment. "Held sources" is the true scope of the claim: this index reads the CVE record, NVD, CISA KEV, FIRST's EPSS and public proof-of-concept repositories, and it does not observe attacks.
Attack path
What it is stated by the CNA
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Remote Code Execution Vulnerability receipt
NVD's analysis a second authority
- weakness
- CWE-591
- affected versions
- microsoft windows 10 1507 < 10.0.10240.19869; microsoft windows 10 1607 < 10.0.14393.5850; microsoft windows 10 1809 < 10.0.17763.4252; and 7 more, listed in full below
- also scored by
- [email protected] 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
check it yourself msrc.microsoft.com receipt
Dated events
Movement the material steps
This score more than doubled inside 72 hours. Both observations are in the full history below.
Show all 48 observations
48 observations held. A highlighted step crossed a promotion threshold. A step marked with a scoring model moved because the instrument was replaced, not because the vulnerability changed. receipt
The full biography
Exploit probability more than doubled between 2023-04-12 and 2023-04-13 (0.00165 → 0.00641) and the record had been public for 3 years, 2 months when this index was last written.
The pattern, elsewhere
This record is one instance of CWE-591, sensitive data storage in improperly locked memory. The index holds 77 prior instances of this class, 2 KEV-listed. [email protected]
77 records in this class held. The six above are ranked by exploit maturity, then recency.
Siblings and hubs
Records related to this one
None. No alias set, and nothing in the corpus cites this identifier or shares its product family within 60 days.
Browse the index from here
These are index-wide views, not findings about CVE-2023-28219.
What usually comes next
Everything above needs no account. What is below is work: assembling it, scoping it to your estate, watching it, and handing it to someone else.