vciy

CVE-2023-28121

INDEX BUILT · 2026-09-20

No source can show you its own past. This one can.

Print this page to keep the view as it stands on this date. Everything hidden behind a disclosure opens, and every receipt prints with its value.

An issue in WooCommerce Payments plugin for WordPress (versions 5.6.1 and lower) allows an unauthenticated attacker to send requests on behalf of an…

CVE-2023-281214 of 4 sources documented this
61

rank 61 = 28 + 25 + 0 + 8 + 0

rank@v1 · this cycle

Someone is already using it

CISA KEV catalog · public proof-of-concept · FIRST EPSS

EPSS 0.86510  ·  without this subject the record ranks 33

What it costs you if it fires

NVD CVSS base score, then the CNA's own

CVSS 9.8, from NVD  ·  without this subject the record ranks 36

It is getting worse, not staying still

FIRST EPSS series, rescorings and bad loads removed

no persisting rise in 365 days  ·  without this subject the record ranks 61

How much of the world it touches

NVD CPE configurations

9 products in the CPE ranges  ·  without this subject the record ranks 53

Someone else already set the date

CISA KEV remediation due date

no CISA due date  ·  without this subject the record ranks 61

Unaudited dollar value2 of 3 inputs carry a receipt
Exposure$4.32Mover the next 30 days, if this record is yours
Movement+$1.08Mon 2024-02-07, the last material move, 2 years, 6 months before this reading
Basisassumeda published average, not your estate

$4.32M = $4.99M incident cost x 1 exposure x 0.8651 likelihood

udv@v1 · unaudited · wrong for you until you say what you run

$4.99M is the cost of a breach that happened, from IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report 2026, global average. It is not the value of any asset of yours. That average already covers breaches of every severity, so scaling it by exposure understates a partial-impact record. That is an assumption, not a measurement. Your own asset value goes in the decision record.

Hindsight · the state

0.8651EPSSNOT IN KEVas of 2026-09-20
Severity9.8 CRITICALreceipt
Harmtotal loss · unauthenticatedreceipt
Exploitationpublic proof-of-conceptreceipt
Defenseunaffected versions publishedreceipt
Movementdoubled within 72hreceipt
PLATEAU10Minimal movement since 2024-02-07, 913 days at 0.87, as of 2026-08-08. arc-rules@v1

Foresight · where to check next

CVE-2023-28461SonicWall SonicOSConcurrentFortinet FortiOS,Fortinet FortiOSOracle Payments28121

This record is one instance of CWE-287, improper authentication. The index holds 4979 prior instances of this class, 49 KEV-listed. The nearest of its KEV-listed records are drawn beside this. taxonomy@v1

Full pattern panel

Prior records in this weakness class. Each is its own record, dated and receipted.
Color is a claim, not decoration:the hostile worldthe defenseno signalspoke length is how much of the record matches, not how bad it is

Running WooCommerce Payments WordPress Plugin? Check your version

A deterministic range check against the ranges this record publishes. It tells you where a version sits in the record, not whether your deployment is exploitable. No account needed.

Watch this record

Matches your own product list against every record this index holds, and tells you when one of them moves.

What counts as a move

Set up a watchlist (needs a Practitioner account)

Record your call

Keep your verdict, your reason and the evidence together. The record takes its date when you save it.

AcceptDeferPatch by…Not affectedMitigated

Choose your verdict, then sign in or use an email link. Your first 100 records are free. Evidence is frozen when the record is created.

Private to your organization unless you share it. Put the proof link in your ticket so a reviewer can inspect the basis for your call. See how decision records work.

Harm, if it fires from the vector and the weakness

Written for the ticket you're about to file.

Reachnetwork-reachable · no privileges required · no user interaction · low attack complexityreceipt
ImpactComplete confidentiality, integrity and availability lossreceipt
Scored fromCVSS v3.1 · NVD's vectorreceipt
Weakness classCWE-287 Improper Authenticationreceipt
Published consequencesCWE-287: Integrity, Confidentiality, Availability, Access Control: Read Application Data, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands[email protected]

CISA KEV & Federal Remediation Deadline from the record and CISA

The fix, and how long it's been waiting.

First unaffected version, by branchwoocommerce payments 4.8.2; woocommerce payments 5.0.4; woocommerce payments 5.1.3; woocommerce payments 5.2.2; woocommerce payments 5.5.2; woopayments 5.6.2receipt
Patch available sinceNo dated patch-availability record in held sources. The index holds reference URLs without dates and only the current revision of the CVE record, so the day a fix first existed cannot be derived. Only the versions it landed in.

Exploit Status & Known PoCs a ladder, not a score

Current rung: Proof-of-concept published · 9 public repositories, 2023-03-30.

  • RUNG 1Nothing observed in held sources
  • RUNG 2Proof-of-concept published · 9 public repositories2023-03-30receipt
  • RUNG 3Exploited in the wild · CISA KEV listed
  • RUNG 4Ransomware campaign use known

Authority who says so

CVSS, NVD9.8 CRITICALreceipt
Exploit probability0.8651 · top 0.27% of all CVEsreceipt
Blast breadth2 products across 1 vendorderived
Assigned byhackeronereceipt
Recorded changes63 · last 18 Sep 2026derived

Affected & Fixed Versions as published

Affected productWooCommerce Payments WordPress Pluginreceipt
Published rangesautomattic woocommerce payments >= 4.8.0 < 4.8.2; automattic woocommerce payments >= 5.0.0 < 5.0.4; automattic woocommerce payments >= 5.1.0 < 5.1.3; automattic woocommerce payments >= 5.2.0 < 5.2.2receipt
Show all 9 published ranges
automattic woocommerce payments >= 4.8.0 < 4.8.2
automattic woocommerce payments >= 5.0.0 < 5.0.4
automattic woocommerce payments >= 5.1.0 < 5.1.3
automattic woocommerce payments >= 5.2.0 < 5.2.2
automattic woocommerce payments >= 5.5.0 < 5.5.2
automattic woopayments >= 5.6.0 < 5.6.2
automattic woopayments 4.9.0
automattic woopayments 5.3.0
automattic woopayments 5.4.0

A rung lights from a row in the index, never from an assessment. "Held sources" is the true scope of the claim: this index reads the CVE record, NVD, CISA KEV, FIRST's EPSS and public proof-of-concept repositories, and it does not observe attacks.

Did this affect your environment?Answering needs an account.

What it is stated by the CNA

An issue in WooCommerce Payments plugin for WordPress (versions 5.6.1 and lower) allows an unauthenticated attacker to send requests on behalf of an elevated user, like administrator. This allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to gain admin access on a site that has the affected version of the plugin activated. receipt

NVD's analysis a second authority

severity
9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
weakness
CWE-287
affected versions
automattic woocommerce payments >= 4.8.0 < 4.8.2; automattic woocommerce payments >= 5.0.0 < 5.0.4; automattic woocommerce payments >= 5.1.0 < 5.1.3; and 6 more, listed in full below

check it yourself developer.woocommerce.com rcesecurity.com receipt

Dated events

2023-07-04EPSS moved 0.00 to 0.072023-07-11EPSS moved 0.09 to 0.712026-06-15EPSS moved 0.94 to 0.87

Movement the material steps

15 Apr 20230.00048
11 Jul 20230.71037 · crossed 0.10 and 0.50
22 Jul 20230.93782 · crossed 0.90
22 Sep 20230.70096 · crossed 0.90
7 Feb 20240.93201 · crossed 0.90
17 Mar 20250.93546 · scoring model v2025.03.14
15 Jun 20260.86919 · crossed 0.90 · scoring model v2026.06.15
8 Aug 20260.8651

This score more than doubled inside 72 hours. Both observations are in the full history below.

Show all 60 observations
15 Apr 20230.00048
22 Apr 20230.00147
1 Jun 20230.00210
4 Jul 20230.07482
8 Jul 20230.08624
11 Jul 20230.71037
15 Jul 20230.72766
22 Jul 20230.93782
15 Sep 20230.93343
22 Sep 20230.70096
18 Oct 20230.75551
23 Dec 20230.75457
14 Jan 20240.71629
7 Feb 20240.93201
17 Feb 20240.93312
1 Mar 20240.92519
12 Mar 20240.92977
24 Mar 20240.93813
7 Apr 20240.94369
18 Apr 20240.94587
14 May 20240.94133
26 May 20240.93270
21 Jun 20240.92374
4 Jul 20240.90976
30 Jul 20240.90950
26 Aug 20240.91952
9 Sep 20240.92543
22 Sep 20240.92226
20 Oct 20240.92961
2 Nov 20240.92731
17 Nov 20240.92981
15 Dec 20240.93054
17 Dec 20240.91386
30 Dec 20240.92413
14 Jan 20250.91026
17 Mar 20250.93546
19 Mar 20250.92881
20 Mar 20250.93546
21 Mar 20250.92881
22 Mar 20250.93546
23 Mar 20250.93477
24 Mar 20250.93546
29 Mar 20250.93144
30 Mar 20250.93546
1 Apr 20250.93383
12 Apr 20250.92881
13 Apr 20250.93383
14 Apr 20250.92881
15 Apr 20250.93462
5 Oct 20250.93413
3 Nov 20250.93463
18 Nov 20250.93517
21 Nov 20250.93463
21 Dec 20250.93348
10 Mar 20260.93462
21 Mar 20260.935
25 Mar 20260.93462
21 Apr 20260.9367
15 Jun 20260.86919
8 Aug 20260.8651

60 observations held. A highlighted step crossed a promotion threshold. A step marked with a scoring model moved because the instrument was replaced, not because the vulnerability changed. receipt

The full biography

EPSS 0.8651Public PoC2023-03-30Published2023-04-12Index as of2026-08-08

Exploit probability more than doubled between 2023-07-08 and 2023-07-11 (0.08624 → 0.71037) and the record had been public for 3 years, 3 months when this index was last written.

Public PoC 2023-03-30 receipt · Published 2023-04-12 receipt · Index as of 2026-08-08 derived

The pattern, elsewhere

This record is one instance of CWE-287, improper authentication. The index holds 4979 prior instances of this class, 49 KEV-listed. The nearest of its KEV-listed records are drawn beside this. [email protected]

CVE-2023-28461matches 8 of 8KEV listed · 2023receipt
CVE-2024-53704 · SonicWall SonicOSmatches 8 of 9KEV listed · 2025receipt
CVE-2025-61882 · Oracle Concurrent Processingmatches 8 of 9KEV listed · 2025receipt
CVE-2022-40684 · Fortinet FortiOS, FortiProxy…matches 8 of 9KEV listed · 2022receipt
CVE-2020-12812 · Fortinet FortiOSmatches 8 of 9KEV listed · 2020receipt
CVE-2026-46817 · Oracle Paymentsmatches 8 of 9KEV listed · 2026receipt

"Matches n of m" counts the attributes the two records can both be compared on: the CVSS metrics they share a version of, any weakness class beyond this one, and the vendor. fit-rules@v1

4979 records in this class held. The six above are drawn from the ones CISA has listed as exploited, ranked by how much of the record matches this one. That is why every one of them is KEV-listed: the pool is, so the colour on those spokes says nothing the pool has not already said.

No curated product neighbourhood is held for this product, so the records above are the nearest this index can name. The neighbourhood table covers a small set of products and is extended by hand.

Siblings and hubs

Records related to this one

Browse the index from here

These are index-wide views, not findings about CVE-2023-28121.

What usually comes next

Everything above needs no account. What is below is work: assembling it, scoping it to your estate, watching it, and handing it to someone else.

Everything on this page is free. Public data. Withholding it protects nothing.