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CVE-2023-22527

INDEX BUILT · 2026-09-20

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A template injection vulnerability on older versions of Confluence Data Center and Server allows an unauthenticated attacker to achieve RCE on an…

CVE-2023-225274 of 4 sources documented this
76

rank 76 = 40 + 25 + 0 + 5 + 6

rank@v1 · act now

Someone is already using it

CISA KEV catalog · public proof-of-concept · FIRST EPSS

EPSS 0.99984 · CISA KEV listed  ·  without this subject the record ranks 36

What it costs you if it fires

NVD CVSS base score, then the CNA's own

CVSS 9.8, from NVD  ·  without this subject the record ranks 51

It is getting worse, not staying still

FIRST EPSS series, rescorings and bad loads removed

no persisting rise in 365 days  ·  without this subject the record ranks 76

How much of the world it touches

NVD CPE configurations

3 products in the CPE ranges  ·  without this subject the record ranks 71

Someone else already set the date

CISA KEV remediation due date

CISA remediation date held  ·  without this subject the record ranks 70

Unaudited dollar value2 of 3 inputs carry a receipt
Exposure$4.99Mover the next 30 days, if this record is yours
Movement+$4.80Mon 2024-01-25, the last material move, 2 years, 7 months before this reading
Basisassumeda published average, not your estate

$4.99M = $4.99M incident cost x 1 exposure x 0.99984 likelihood

udv@v1 · unaudited · wrong for you until you say what you run

$4.99M is the cost of a breach that happened, from IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report 2026, global average. It is not the value of any asset of yours. That average already covers breaches of every severity, so scaling it by exposure understates a partial-impact record. That is an assumption, not a measurement. Your own asset value goes in the decision record.

Hindsight · the state

0.99984EPSSKEV · LISTED
Severity10 CRITICALreceipt
Harmtotal loss · unauthenticated · ransomware-linkedreceipt
Exploitationransomware use knownreceipt
Defensefix version namedreceipt
Movementscoring model changedreceipt
PLATEAU10Minimal movement since 2024-01-25, 953 days at 1.00, as of 2026-09-04. arc-rules@v1

Foresight · where to check next

Cisco IdentityAtlassian JiraCVE-2022-35914CVE-2020-17496CVE-2013-225122527

This record is one instance of CWE-74, improper neutralization of special elements in output used by a downstream component ('injection'). The index holds 5544 prior instances of this class, 12 KEV-listed. The nearest of its KEV-listed records are drawn beside this. taxonomy@v1

Full pattern panel

Prior records in this weakness class. Each is its own record, dated and receipted.
Color is a claim, not decoration:the hostile worldthe defenseno signalspoke length is how much of the record matches, not how bad it is

Sources disagree here.

Severity score
Atlassian10 CRITICALreceipt
NVD9.8 CRITICALreceipt
Scoring standard
AtlassianCVSS v3.0receipt
NVDCVSS v3.1receipt
What it costs
AtlassianComplete confidentiality, integrity and availability loss, with impact beyond the vulnerable componentreceipt
NVDComplete confidentiality, integrity and availability lossreceipt

Both shown, dated. We don't pick winners. disagreement-rules@v1

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Harm, if it fires from the vector and the weakness

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Reachnetwork-reachable · no privileges required · no user interaction · low attack complexityreceipt
ImpactComplete confidentiality, integrity and availability loss, with impact beyond the vulnerable componentreceipt
Scored fromCVSS v3.0 · the CNA's vectorreceipt
Weakness classCWE-74 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')receipt
Published consequencesCWE-74: Confidentiality: Read Application Data; Access Control: Bypass Protection Mechanism; Other: Alter Execution Logic; Integrity, Other: Other; Non-Repudiation: Hide Activities[email protected]
Ransomware campaign useKnown (CISA)receipt

CISA KEV & Federal Remediation Deadline from the record and CISA

The fix, and how long it's been waiting.

Fixed in< 8.0.0; >= 8.5.4; >= 8.6.0; >= 8.7.1receipt
Patch available sinceNo dated patch-availability record in held sources. The index holds reference URLs without dates and only the current revision of the CVE record, so the day a fix first existed cannot be derived. Only the versions it landed in.
CISA remediation statusoverdue since 2024-02-14receipt
CISA required actionApply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.receipt
Published to CISA KEV8 daysderived

Exploit Status & Known PoCs a ladder, not a score

Current rung: Ransomware campaign use known, 2024-01-24.

  • RUNG 1Nothing observed in held sources
  • RUNG 2Proof-of-concept published · 9 public repositories2024-01-16receipt
  • RUNG 3Exploited in the wild · CISA KEV listed2024-01-24receipt
  • RUNG 4Ransomware campaign use known2024-01-24receipt

Authority who says so

CVSS, the CNA10 CRITICALreceipt
CVSS, NVD9.8 CRITICALreceipt
Exploit probability0.99984 · top 0.02% of all CVEsreceipt
Blast breadth2 products across 1 vendorderived
Assigned byatlassianreceipt
Recorded changes63 · last 4 Sep 2026derived

Affected & Fixed Versions as published

Affected productAtlassian Confluence Data Center; Atlassian Confluence Serverreceipt
Published rangesatlassian confluence data center >= 8.0.0 < 8.5.4; atlassian confluence data center 8.7.0; atlassian confluence server >= 8.0.0 < 8.5.4receipt
Fixed in< 8.0.0; >= 8.5.4; >= 8.6.0; >= 8.7.1receipt

A rung lights from a row in the index, never from an assessment. "Held sources" is the true scope of the claim: this index reads the CVE record, NVD, CISA KEV, FIRST's EPSS and public proof-of-concept repositories, and it does not observe attacks.

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What it is stated by the CNA

A template injection vulnerability on older versions of Confluence Data Center and Server allows an unauthenticated attacker to achieve RCE on an affected instance. Customers using an affected version must take immediate action. Most recent supported versions of Confluence Data Center and Server are not affected by this vulnerability as it was ultimately mitigated during regular version updates. However, Atlassian recommends that customers take care to install the latest version to protect their instances from non-critical vulnerabilities outlined in Atlassian’s January Security Bulletin. receipt

NVD's analysis a second authority

severity
9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
weakness
CWE-74
affected versions
atlassian confluence data center >= 8.0.0 < 8.5.4; atlassian confluence data center 8.7.0; atlassian confluence server >= 8.0.0 < 8.5.4

The CNA scored it 10 and NVD 9.8. Both are shown because both were published; we do not pick one.

check it yourself confluence.atlassian.com jira.atlassian.com packetstormsecurity.com receipt

Dated events

2024-01-24Added to CISA KEV2024-01-25EPSS moved 0.00 to 0.962024-02-14CISA remediation due2026-06-15EPSS moved 0.94 to 1.00

Movement the material steps

17 Jan 20240.00044
25 Jan 20240.96307 · crossed 0.10 and 0.50 and 0.90
17 Mar 20250.94363 · scoring model v2025.03.14
15 Jun 20260.99984 · scoring model v2026.06.15

This score more than doubled inside 72 hours. Both observations are in the full history below.

Show all 47 observations
17 Jan 20240.00044
24 Jan 20240.00061
25 Jan 20240.96307
26 Jan 20240.97054
31 Jan 20240.97301
7 Feb 20240.97431
14 Feb 20240.96480
25 Feb 20240.96568
29 Apr 20240.97444
2 May 20240.97436
20 May 20240.97459
11 Jun 20240.97296
20 Jun 20240.97264
28 Jun 20240.97055
31 Jul 20240.96829
24 Aug 20240.96878
3 Sep 20240.97094
27 Sep 20240.97050
6 Oct 20240.97041
30 Oct 20240.97095
11 Nov 20240.97057
22 Nov 20240.96968
5 Dec 20240.96799
16 Dec 20240.96888
17 Dec 20240.97064
28 Dec 20240.97153
11 Jan 20250.97229
22 Jan 20250.97277
10 Feb 20250.97215
17 Feb 20250.97231
1 Mar 20250.97263
17 Mar 20250.94363
20 May 20250.94409
23 May 20250.94363
6 Oct 20250.94316
17 Oct 20250.94409
20 Oct 20250.94363
29 Oct 20250.94316
7 Nov 20250.94363
18 Nov 20250.94352
21 Nov 20250.94363
18 Dec 20250.94409
19 Dec 20250.94363
15 Feb 20260.94354
23 Feb 20260.94363
9 Apr 20260.94354
15 Jun 20260.99984

47 observations held. A highlighted step crossed a promotion threshold. A step marked with a scoring model moved because the instrument was replaced, not because the vulnerability changed. receipt

The full biography

EPSS 0.99984Published · Public PoC2024-01-16CISA KEV2024-01-24Index as of2026-09-04

Listed by CISA 8 days after it published, exploit probability more than doubled between 2024-01-24 and 2024-01-25 (0.00061 → 0.96307) and the record had been public for 2 years, 7 months when this index was last written.

No material movement in 81 days as of the last ingest this index recorded.

Published 2024-01-16 receipt · Public PoC 2024-01-16 receipt · CISA KEV 2024-01-24 receipt · Index as of 2026-09-04 derived

The pattern, elsewhere

This record is one instance of CWE-74, improper neutralization of special elements in output used by a downstream component ('injection'). The index holds 5544 prior instances of this class, 12 KEV-listed. The nearest of its KEV-listed records are drawn beside this. [email protected]

CVE-2025-20281 · Cisco Identity Services Engine Softwarematches 8 of 9KEV listed · 2025receipt
CVE-2025-20337 · Cisco Identity Services Engine Softwarematches 8 of 9KEV listed · 2025receipt
CVE-2019-11581 · Atlassian Jira Server and Data Centermatches 8 of 9KEV listed · 2019receipt
CVE-2022-35914matches 7 of 8KEV listed · 2022receipt
CVE-2020-17496matches 7 of 8KEV listed · 2020receipt
CVE-2013-2251matches 7 of 8KEV listed · 2013receipt

"Matches n of m" counts the attributes the two records can both be compared on: the CVSS metrics they share a version of, any weakness class beyond this one, and the vendor. fit-rules@v1

5544 records in this class held. The six above are drawn from the ones CISA has listed as exploited, ranked by how much of the record matches this one. That is why every one of them is KEV-listed: the pool is, so the colour on those spokes says nothing the pool has not already said.

No curated product neighbourhood is held for this product, so the records above are the nearest this index can name. The neighbourhood table covers a small set of products and is extended by hand.

Siblings and hubs

Records related to this one

Its defect family

atlassian confluence data center

Of the 2 records in this family, this is the only one holding a stated fix version: < 8.0.0; >= 8.5.4; >= 8.6.0; >= 8.7.1.

Grouped by shared product and weakness, not by shared vulnerability. Each record's own state is on its own page.

Family membership: held values

This record is one of a group, and the group's page describes all of them. This page is kept and dated, and the defect family's own page is the one we offer for indexing: the whole group.

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What usually comes next

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